Cognitive Abilities Test (CAT4) Practice Exam 2026 - Free CAT4 Practice Questions and Study Guide

The scenario of controversial issues best illustrates the concept of confirmation bias, which refers to the tendency of individuals to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or values. In the context of controversial issues, individuals often feel strongly about their viewpoints and are more likely to focus on arguments and evidence that supports their stance. This strong emotional investment makes it harder for them to consider or articulate opposing views, as they may subconsciously filter out or undervalue information that contradicts their opinions.

In group discussions, debates, or research presentations, while confirmation bias may still be present, the dynamics of participation, the structured nature of the conversations, or the expectations for thorough examination of all sides often encourage individuals to engage with opposing viewpoints, making it less pronounced. Consequently, the nature of controversial issues uniquely highlights the struggle people face when trying to justify opposing perspectives while they are able to readily provide support for their own.